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Fertility Therapies

There is no universal fertility treatment. What works depends on why conception has been difficult, and the only way to know that is through a thorough evaluation first. At Kofinas, the treatment recommendation comes after the answers, not before them.

Whether you are trying to conceive now, planning to preserve your options for later, or building your family through donation or surrogacy, the question is the same: what is the right path for you, specifically? We start with a thorough evaluation, and the treatment options we discuss follow from what we actually find.

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Everything You Need, All in One Place

Fertility Therapies Providers

These board-certified specialists practice at Upper West Side and coordinate your care across all our locations when needed.

George D. Kofinas, MD, FACOG

Reproductive Endocrinology

As the compassionate leader of Kofinas Fertility Group and a distinguished authority on fertility medicine, Dr. Kofinas has used his depth of knowledge and sharp intuition to help thousands of couples start families of their own. Dr. Kofinas has written and spoken about the full spectrum of assisted reproductive technologies, such as reproductive surgery and in vitro fertilization (IVF), and he has personally trained every doctor on his staff.

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Jason Kofinas, MD, MSc, FACOG

Reproductive Endocrinologist

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Peter Brzechffa, MD, FACOG

Reproductive Endocrinologist

Peter Brzechffa (BRESH – fuh), MD, FACOG is an active family man and the associate director of Kofinas Fertility Group in New York. Interpersonal connection is a big deal for Dr. Brzechffa, and even after over 20 years in fertility care, he still cherishes every minute that he spends with the people he treats.

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Melissa Montes, MD, MSc, FACOG

OB/GYN Specialist & Minimally Invasive Gynecologic Surgeon

Melissa Montes, MD, MSc, FACOG has over 10 years of experience helping New Yorkers and beyond start families. With numerous peer-reviewed publications and thousands of success stories under her belt, she continues to help Kofinas Fertility Group advance the boundaries of fertility medicine.

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Levica Narine, MD, FACOG

OB/GYN Specialist & Minimally Invasive Gynecologic Surgeon

Levica Narine, MD, FACOG places high value on face-to-face time with those she treats at Kofinas Fertility Group in New York. As an experienced OBGYN, Dr. Narine has solved a wide range of fertility and reproductive problems with many different types of people. Each challenge motivates her to do better, and every experience she has inspires greater passion for her work.

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Charalampos (Harry) Chatzicharalampous, MD, PhD, FACOG, FACMG

Reproductive Endocrinologist & Clinical Geneticist

Now try saying it 3 times as fast as you can. Just kidding, we call him Dr. C for short.

Dr. C is the newest member of the Kofinas Fertility team and we are thrilled to have his incomparable experience in both Reproductive Endocrinology & Infertility and Medical Genetics (AND delightful personality) at our center. His 14 years of training and expertise were enough to add so much value to our patients, but it is his vibrant and detailed approach to his patient care that sets him apart.

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Frequently Asked Questions

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Get quick answers to frequently asked questions

Treatment selection is based on your diagnostic work-up, not a general preference. After evaluation, your clinician will present options appropriate for your specific findings and explain the reasoning for each recommendation.

Ovarian reserve refers to the quantity and, to a degree, the quality of a woman's remaining eggs. It is assessed through blood tests including anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), along with an antral follicle count on ultrasound. Ovarian reserve declines with age and can be affected by certain medical conditions or prior ovarian surgery. It is one of several factors used to guide treatment planning.

IUI places sperm inside the uterus to reduce the distance to the egg; fertilization still occurs naturally inside the body. IVF retrieves eggs from the ovaries, fertilizes them in a laboratory, and transfers a resulting embryo back to the uterus. IVF is generally used when simpler approaches have not succeeded or when the clinical picture suggests a higher level of treatment is more appropriate.

Egg freezing outcomes are meaningfully influenced by age. Eggs retrieved at younger ages are generally associated with higher rates of successful fertilization and embryo development when those eggs are later used. Your clinician can provide context based on your specific ovarian reserve and age, and will avoid presenting egg freezing as a guarantee of future pregnancy.

This varies by treatment. An IUI cycle requires monitoring appointments across approximately two weeks. An IVF stimulation cycle typically involves monitoring appointments over 10 to 14 days, followed by the egg retrieval procedure. The number of visits and timeline will be explained at your consultation. Remote monitoring options may be available for patients who live at a distance.

Low ovarian reserve affects the expected response to stimulation medications and the number of eggs retrieved in a cycle. It does not mean conception is impossible, but it does affect planning. Your clinician will discuss what options are realistic given your reserve levels, which may include adjusted stimulation protocols or, in some situations, a conversation about donor egg pathways.

In many cases, yes, but the presence of endometriosis or fibroids may influence which treatment is recommended and whether surgical evaluation should come first. At Kofinas, the diagnostic-first approach means that structural factors are identified and addressed before treatment is started, when this is clinically appropriate.

Reciprocal IVF is a process used by same-sex female couples in which one partner's eggs are retrieved and fertilized, and the resulting embryo is transferred to the other partner's uterus, so that both partners participate in the pregnancy. This pathway is available and is discussed as part of LGBTQ+ family building options at Kofinas.

A prior treatment history is useful context for your evaluation. Bringing records, prior cycle summaries, lab results, and any pathology from prior procedures helps the team understand what has already been tried and what may be worth reconsidering. A records review can often take place before or at your first in-person visit.