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What are you looking for?

Your Care Path:
Why Before What

The fertility industry often jumps straight to IVF. We don’t.

We believe you deserve to understand what’s actually preventing pregnancy before spending time, money, and emotional energy on treatment that might not address the real problem.

Answers before actions. If surgery will help, we do it well. If not, we move forward without it. Either way, you’re not starting over — you’re moving forward.

Fertility Therapies

Tests and imaging to understand why.

  • Fertility Testing & Diagnosis
  • Evaluation Timeline
  • When to Seek Care (<35/≥35)

Surgery

Fix what’s fixable, preserve what matters.

  • Endometriosis (excision)
  • Fibroids (myomectomy)
  • Hysteroscopy/Adhesions

IVF & Lab

If IVF is right, we proceed with a strong lab.

  • IVF Overview
  • Embryology Lab & Techniques
  • ICSI & Andrology

All Services At A Glance

Comprehensive fertility care organized by your care path stage

Understanding Your Fertility: The Foundation

Before recommending any treatment, we need to understand your complete picture—both partners, comprehensive testing, and expert interpretation. This isn’t a checklist. It’s a conversation.


  • Fertility Testing & Diagnosis
  • Evaluation Timeline
  • When to Seek Care (<35/≥35)
  • Male Factor Evaluation
  • Hormone Testing
  • Imaging Studies
  • Records Upload

When Surgery Helps:
 Precision That Opens Possibility

Surgery isn’t always needed—but when it is, it can be life-changing. Removing endometriosis, fibroids, or scar tissue that silently blocks pregnancy gives your body the best chance to conceive naturally or through IVF. We only recommend surgery when we believe it will make a real difference.


  • Endometriosis Excision
  • Fibroid Removal (Myomectomy)
  • Hysteroscopy
  • Adhesion Removal
  • Tubal Surgery
  • Recovery & Return to Treatment

IVF & Lab:
 When You’re Ready, We’re Ready

Whether IVF is your first step or your next step after surgery, you’ll work with the same team you’ve come to know—in a lab designed for precision, transparency, and the best possible outcomes. We don’t hide behind inflated success rates. We give you honest, age-specific expectations so you can make informed decisions.


  • IVF Overview & Process
  • Embryology Lab & Techniques
  • ICSI & Andrology
  • Genetic Testing (PGT)
  • Frozen Embryo Transfer
  • Success Context (CDC/SART)

Additional Family Building Services

Preservation

  • Egg Freezing
  • Sperm Banking
  • Oncofertility

Third-Party

  • Donor Eggs
  • Donor Sperm
  • Gestational Carrier

LGBTQ+

  • Reciprocal IVF
  • Family Planning
  • Legal Support

Support

  • Counseling
  • Support Groups
  • Financial Planning

Already Have Results?

Save time by securely uploading your previous test results and medical records

How your path unfolds

Every journey is different, but here’s how we typically guide patients through their care path.

1

Initial Consultation & Testing

Comprehensive evaluation including hormone testing, imaging, and partner assessment. We review your history and create a personalized diagnostic plan.

Medical History Review

Previous treatments, surgeries, and test results

Diagnostic Testing

Hormone panels, imaging, and specialized assessments

Partner Evaluation

Comprehensive male factor assessment when indicated

2

Results Review & Treatment Planning

Detailed discussion of findings and treatment options. We explain what we found, what it means, and what your realistic options are.

Medical History Review

Previous treatments, surgeries, and test results

Diagnostic Testing

Hormone panels, imaging, and specialized assessments

Partner Evaluation

Comprehensive male factor assessment when indicated

3

Treatment Implementation

Whether surgery, IVF, or other treatments, we coordinate your care with regular monitoring and adjustments as needed.

Surgical Care

  • Pre-operative preparation and counseling
  • Minimally invasive surgical techniques
  • Recovery monitoring and support
  • Transition planning for next steps

IVF Treatment

  • Personalized stimulation protocols
  • Regular monitoring and adjustments
  • Advanced laboratory procedures
  • Transfer timing optimization

4

Ongoing Support & Next Steps

Continuous care coordination, outcome monitoring, and adjustment of treatment plans based on results and changing circumstances.

Success Monitoring

Regular assessment of treatment effectiveness and pregnancy outcomes

Plan Adjustments

Modifying approaches based on response and new information

Long-Term Planning

Family building goals and future fertility preservation considerations

Providers At This Location

These board-certified specialists practice at Upper West Side and coordinate your care across all our locations when needed.

George D. Kofinas, MD, FACOG

Reproductive Endocrinology

As the compassionate leader of Kofinas Fertility Group and a distinguished authority on fertility medicine, Dr. Kofinas has used his depth of knowledge and sharp intuition to help thousands of couples start families of their own. Dr. Kofinas has written and spoken about the full spectrum of assisted reproductive technologies, such as reproductive surgery and in vitro fertilization (IVF), and he has personally trained every doctor on his staff.

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Jason Kofinas, MD, MSc, FACOG

Reproductive Endocrinologist

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Maria Bertero, MD, HCLD

Embryology & Lab Director

Maria Bertero, MD, HCLD inspires us all at Kofinas Fertility Group in New York with her dedication to the field of fertility. Dr. Bertero has numerous published works on embryology and andrology, and she has completed extensive training all around the world in egg and embryo freezing, embryo biopsy, and more.

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Peter Brzechffa, MD, FACOG

Reproductive Endocrinologist

Peter Brzechffa (BRESH – fuh), MD, FACOG is an active family man and the associate director of Kofinas Fertility Group in New York. Interpersonal connection is a big deal for Dr. Brzechffa, and even after over 20 years in fertility care, he still cherishes every minute that he spends with the people he treats.

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Melissa Montes, MD, MSc, FACOG

OB/GYN Specialist & Minimally Invasive Gynecologic Surgeon

Melissa Montes, MD, MSc, FACOG has over 10 years of experience helping New Yorkers and beyond start families. With numerous peer-reviewed publications and thousands of success stories under her belt, she continues to help Kofinas Fertility Group advance the boundaries of fertility medicine.

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Levica Narine, MD, FACOG

OB/GYN Specialist & Minimally Invasive Gynecologic Surgeon

Levica Narine, MD, FACOG places high value on face-to-face time with those she treats at Kofinas Fertility Group in New York. As an experienced OBGYN, Dr. Narine has solved a wide range of fertility and reproductive problems with many different types of people. Each challenge motivates her to do better, and every experience she has inspires greater passion for her work.

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Charalampos (Harry) Chatzicharalampous, MD, PhD, FACOG, FACMG

Reproductive Endocrinologist & Clinical Geneticist

Now try saying it 3 times as fast as you can. Just kidding, we call him Dr. C for short.

Dr. C is the newest member of the Kofinas Fertility team and we are thrilled to have his incomparable experience in both Reproductive Endocrinology & Infertility and Medical Genetics (AND delightful personality) at our center. His 14 years of training and expertise were enough to add so much value to our patients, but it is his vibrant and detailed approach to his patient care that sets him apart.

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Convenient Access Across NYC

All five of our NYC locations offer the same expert team, coordinated care, and access to our on-site surgical and IVF facilities. Choose what’s convenient for you—we’ll make sure your care is seamless.

Manhattan – Lower Manhattan
Full-service location with surgical suites and lab

Manhattan – Upper West Side
Consultation and monitoring services

Brooklyn
Complete fertility center with parking available

Staten Island
Full diagnostic and treatment capabilities

Long Island – Roslyn Heights
Comprehensive care close to home

Frequently Asked Questions

IVF addresses the mechanics of fertilization and embryo transfer, but it does not resolve underlying structural or anatomical factors that may be affecting implantation or egg quality. Conditions such as endometriosis, uterine fibroids, polyps, intrauterine adhesions, or blocked tubes can reduce the likelihood of IVF success when left untreated.

Beginning with a thorough evaluation identifies what is actually contributing to your fertility challenge. If a treatable condition is found, addressing it before or alongside IVF can change the clinical picture. If nothing structural is identified, IVF proceeds with the confidence that the environment has been properly assessed. Either way, the recommendation that follows is based on your actual findings, not a default protocol.

The initial evaluation is designed to give a complete picture of the factors contributing to your fertility situation. For patients with a uterus, this typically includes hormone blood tests such as AMH (anti-Mullerian hormone), FSH, and estradiol assessed on cycle day 2 or 3; a transvaginal ultrasound to assess ovarian reserve (antral follicle count) and the uterus; thyroid and prolactin testing; and a uterine evaluation, which may involve a saline infusion sonogram or hysteroscopy to examine the uterine cavity in detail.

For male partners or individuals with sperm, a semen analysis is standard. Depending on the results, additional hormonal or urological testing may be recommended. The evaluation is guided by your history, not a fixed checklist, and your clinician will explain each component before it is ordered.

The evaluation timeline varies based on where you are in your cycle, which tests are ordered, and whether any follow-up imaging or procedures are needed. In most cases, a baseline evaluation, including bloodwork and ultrasound, can be completed within the first one to two weeks. A follow-up appointment to review results and discuss the plan typically happens shortly after.

For patients who require additional evaluation, such as hysteroscopy to assess the uterine cavity, that step is scheduled based on your cycle timing. Your care team will outline the expected timeline at your first visit so you know what to plan for.

For out-of-area patients, a remote review of prior records can begin before the first in-person visit, which can compress the overall timeline.

This decision is based on your evaluation findings, not a default recommendation in either direction. Surgery may be the appropriate first step when imaging or symptoms indicate a condition that is likely to affect IVF outcomes. For example, endometriosis with ovarian cysts, fibroids that distort the uterine cavity, polyps, intrauterine adhesions, or significant tubal disease. In these situations, addressing the structural issue before proceeding to IVF may improve implantation conditions.

Surgery is not recommended if nothing structural is identified, if the risks of surgery outweigh the likely benefit (as can be the case with certain ovarian surgeries and diminished reserve), or if age and ovarian reserve make time a more significant factor than surgical preparation. When the clinical picture is genuinely borderline, your clinician will walk through the reasoning on both sides with you, including what the evidence shows for your specific diagnosis.

A second-opinion consultation at Kofinas begins with a review of everything you already have: prior testing, cycle records, surgical reports, imaging, and pathology. The goal is not to repeat everything from scratch but to look at your history with fresh clinical eyes and identify whether anything was missed, whether a different approach might be worth considering, or whether the recommendation you received elsewhere aligns with your diagnostic picture.

You should bring or upload as much of the following as you have: prior cycle summaries including fertilization rates and embryo development notes, hormone test results, operative reports from prior surgeries, imaging results (ultrasound or MRI), and any pathology reports. The more complete the record, the more useful the consultation.

Yes. A prior IVF history actually makes the evaluation more useful, not less. The details of what happened during a prior cycle (how many eggs were retrieved, how many fertilized, how embryos developed, whether there were implantation failures) all provide clinical information that shapes what is worth investigating further. Patterns across multiple cycles can point toward specific areas that warrant closer evaluation.

Patients who come to Kofinas after one or more prior IVF cycles are not asked to restart from the beginning. The evaluation focuses on what the prior history reveals and what questions it raises, rather than repeating tests that have already been done.

At Kofinas, surgery and IVF are managed by the same clinical team, so the transition between them does not require a handoff to new providers or a fresh intake process. After surgery, your care team follows your recovery and determines, based on your specific procedure and healing, when it is appropriate to begin IVF preparation.

The timing between surgery and IVF varies depending on what was performed. After many minimally invasive procedures, IVF preparation can begin within one to three months. Your clinician will provide a recovery timeline specific to your case and build the IVF phase of your plan around it.

A diagnosis of unexplained infertility means that standard evaluation has not identified a clear cause. This is not the same as no cause existing, it means a cause was not found with the tests that were performed. Standard evaluations vary in their thoroughness, and some conditions, including early-stage endometriosis and subtle uterine abnormalities, are not visible on routine imaging and require more direct assessment to identify.

At Kofinas, an evaluation for unexplained infertility includes assessment of whether more direct diagnostic approaches, such as laparoscopy or detailed hysteroscopy, are warranted. Whether those steps are recommended depends on your specific history, symptoms, and prior testing. An unexplained infertility diagnosis is the starting point for a more thorough investigation, not the end of the diagnostic conversation.

Pregnancy loss is part of many fertility journeys, and it belongs in the clinical conversation, not outside of it. If you have experienced one or more losses, that history is part of what shapes the evaluation: the timing of losses, whether testing was done, and whether any patterns point toward specific factors such as chromosomal abnormalities in embryos, immunological conditions, or uterine issues.

Beyond the clinical picture, support resources are available. You do not have to arrive at a consultation with the emotional weight of loss resolved. Bringing it with you is expected and appropriate.

A varicocele is an enlargement of the veins within the scrotum, and it is one of the most common correctable causes of male infertility. Its presence and severity are assessed through physical examination and, where indicated, ultrasound. Whether treatment of a varicocele is likely to improve sperm parameters and fertility outcomes depends on the clinical picture, and this is a question that involves urological evaluation.

At Kofinas, male-factor evaluation is part of the couple's assessment. Where urological collaboration is indicated, your care team will coordinate that step and factor the findings into the overall fertility plan, including whether IVF with ICSI may be recommended in parallel.